Most people catch the common cold at least once a year, making the seasonal sniffles a staple of the human experience. But when in Homo sapiens' history did people first start catching the common cold?
"Living in close proximity to animals is a surefire way to be exposed to new viruses and to get the repeated exposure that could result in it becoming a human endemic virus," Joel Wertheim, an evolutionary virologist at the University of California, San Diego, told Live Science. Usually, when an animal virus jumps into humans, it fails to establish an infection because it's not adapted to its new host.
By submitting your information you agree to the Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy and are aged 16 or over.But not all scientists agree with this hypothesis. Excavating ancient cold viruses"Illness due to the common cold doesn't preserve very well," Wertheim said. These viruses normally leave signs of an infection in soft tissues, such as the lungs, which waste away after death, rather than in the hardy bones and teeth that persist.
Balloux and van Dorp have searched for ancient viruses in human teeth from an excavation in Siberia. In an unreviewed paper that was posted to bioRxiv, they reported finding two ancient genomes for a DNA virus called human adenovirus C, which can cause cold symptoms. The researchers estimate that the viruses' last common ancestor dated back approximately 700,000 years — likely long before Homo sapiens emerged.
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