Modern Japanese people largely descend from three ancestral groups, a new study suggests. The research also reveals genetic ties with our closest extinct relatives — the Neanderthals and Denisovans — and how these genes may affect present-day disease risk.
The team discovered that modern Japanese people mostly descended from three ancestral groups: Neolithic Jomon hunter-gatherers; a group believed to have been the ancient predecessors of the Han Chinese; and an unidentified group with ties to Northeast Asia. This finding further challenges a contested, three-decades-long hypothesis that Japanese people originated from the Jomon people and, later, rice-farming Yayoi migrants from continental Asia.
Denisovan-derived DNA within a gene called NKX6-1 was associated with the development of type 2 diabetes , and within the gene POLR3E, it was tied to height, the authors found. Eleven Neanderthal-derived DNA sequences were found to be associated with seven diseases, including T2D, coronary artery disease, prostate cancer and the inflammatory disorder rheumatoid arthritis. Most of these 44 chunks of ancient DNA are unique to East Asians, the authors said.
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