Machine Learning Algorithms Can Find Anomalous Needles in Cosmic Haystacks

The face of astronomy is changing. Though narrow-field point-and-shoot astronomy still matters , large wide-field surveys promise to be the powerhouses of discovery in the coming decades, especially with the advent of machine learning.

Survey telescopes have long been part of the astronomers’ toolkit. The difference in the twenty-first century is that they can now produce incredibly vast amounts of data, far more than a human could hope to dig through and examine on their own. The upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory, for example, is expected to create 20 terabytes of data every single night , and ultimately provide “32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies.

The Vera Rubin Observatory under construction in 2022. Rubin Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/T. Matsopoulos.

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