Synaptic pruning: How neurons compete to lose their link

is protected through a series of chemical pathways. At the same time, the depolarization triggers other dendrites of the same cell to go through a different pathway that promotes pruning. Their study was published in the journalHow neurons connect and remodel themselves is a fundamental question in neurobiology. The key concept behind proper networking is in neurons forming and strengthening connection with other neurons while pruning excessive and incorrect ones.

A common phrase in neural circuit remodeling is"fire together wire together" and"out of sync, lose your link." The former describing how neurons that pass signals between each other tend to strengthen connections, whereas the latter explains that without said signaling that connection diminishes," explains Professor Takeshi Imai from Kyushu University's Faculty of Medical Sciences, who led the study.

Olfactory bulb of mouse two days after birth with fluorescence indicating signaling. The video shows that glomeruli, the signaling way station in the olfactory bulb, spontaneously send out signals. This spontaneous signaling will eventually lead to proper networking and pruning of mitral cells. The video was imaged ex vivo using two-photon microscopy. Credit: Kyushu University/Imai Lab

Over the decades, researchers—including Imai—have explored the fundamental process of how neurons form and strengthen their connections. However, there had been one major gap in the process that few people were examining: how the connections are eliminated. "The elimination of neuronal connections, what we call pruning, was something everybody in the field knew about and observed. But if you look at the literature, there was a lack of study on the exact mechanism that drove the process," explains first author Satoshi Fujimoto.

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