—reframing and reinterpreting the negative outcome as a challenge or opportunity to grow. It is difficult to see failure positively when our only goal is achieving a particular end, but not so if we have other goals too, includingIndeed, if we believe in our ability to improve and master new skills, even if we did not achieve exactly what we aimed for, it becomes easier to persevere in the face of adversity and overcome setbacks.
Another cognitive barrier to learning from setbacks is that success requires noticing what works and simply repeating it, whereas failure requires analyzing what a wrong response tells us about thegoal orientation